保定市防水材料有限公司

An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods for laying waterproof rolls

防水卷材的铺设方法有多种，常用的为：满粘法、空铺法、点粘法和条粘法。

There are many ways of laying waterproof rolls, which are commonly used as full stick method, empty paving method, point sticking method and strip stick method.

一般来说，在选用铺设方法时要优先考虑空铺法、点粘法和条粘法。因为屋面受地基变形，结构荷载，温差变形，找平层及防水层收缩变形等因素的影响，若防水层与基层满粘的话，其适应变形的能力差，防水层常被拉裂破坏。解决这一问题的办法无非是提高卷材的延伸率，减少结构变形和改变铺贴工艺，而改变铺贴施工工艺最为简便易行。空铺法、点粘法、条粘法和机械固定法等工艺使防水层与基层尽量脱开，防水层有足够的长度参加应变，对解决防水层被拉裂起到了良好的效果。

Generally speaking, the paving method, the point stick method and the stick stick method should be given priority in selecting the laying method. Because the roof is affected by factors such as foundation deformation, structural load, temperature difference deformation, leveling layer and shrinkage and deformation of waterproof layer. If the waterproof layer is sufficiently sticky with the base, its deformation capacity is poor, and the waterproofing layer is often cracked. The way to solve this problem is to increase the elongation rate of the coiled material, reduce the structural deformation and change the paving technology, and change the paving construction technology is the most convenient and feasible. The technology of empty paving, point sticking, strip sticking and mechanical fixation can make the waterproofing layer as far as possible from the base, and the waterproof layer has enough length to participate in the strain. It has achieved good results in solving the problem that the waterproof layer is cracked.

但这几种铺贴方法各有自己的优缺点，适合不同形式屋面及在有一定限制性条件下的防水层铺设。

However, these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, suitable for different forms of roofing and waterproof layer under certain restrictive conditions.

满粘法

Full stick method

粘贴防水卷材的最大优点是卷材与基层粘贴牢固。主要适合以下几种情况：

The greatest advantage of stickling waterproof rolls is that the coiled material is firmly attached to the base. It is mainly suitable for the following cases:

(一)风力强劲的地区：满粘法粘贴避免了卷材被风抓起撕裂的可能。虽然也可以空铺，然后在卷材上面覆盖重物，如铺设小型混凝土板或铺设一道砾石层来解决卷材被风撕裂。但无疑增加了成本(如材料本身以及屋面荷载加大，屋面板增厚等)。

(1) strong wind area: full stick bonding to avoid the possibility that the rolling material is caught and torn by the wind. Although it can also be empty, then cover the material on the roll, such as laying a small concrete board or laying a gravel layer to solve the wind tear. But there is no doubt that the cost has been increased (such as the increase of the material itself and the roof load, the thickening of the roof panels, etc.).

(二)坡屋面；满粘的卷材与基层结合牢固，避免了卷材的向下滑落。虽然也可以采用机械固定的方法来固定卷材，但因不能全面固定，所以还会遇到上面所提到的卷材被风刮起的缺陷。

(two) sloping roof; full of sticky coils are firmly combined with the base to avoid the downward slide of the rolled material. Although mechanical fixation can be used to fix the coil, but because it can not be fully fixed, it will also encounter the above mentioned coil defects that are blown up by the wind.

(三)需要在防水层上频繁地进行其他工种施工作业的情况：如在屋面上设计有彩钢坡屋顶。通常情况下是在彩钢坡屋顶没有安装彩钢板前，铺设防水卷材(因安装彩钢板后，钢结构屋顶内十分黑暗，虽可人工照明，但空间狭小，不利于施工)。在安装彩钢板时，施工作业人员要频繁踩踏卷材，难免要对防水层造成破坏，而满粘的卷材在一定程度上可以承受这种外力的冲击，而不至于移位，接缝撕裂。

(three) the construction of other types of work needs to be carried out frequently in the waterproof layer, such as the roof of the roof of the roof of the roof. Usually, the waterproofing membrane is laid on the color steel roof without color steel plate. After installing the color steel plate, the roof of the steel structure is very dark, though it can be artificially illuminated, but the space is narrow, which is not conducive to construction. When installing color steel sheets, the construction workers should frequently tread the coiled material, and it is inevitable to damage the waterproof layer. The full sticky coil can withstand the impact of the external force to some extent without displacement and joint tear.

如前所述，空铺法和条(点)粘法的优点在于它很好地克服了由于结构变形所产生的应力的破坏，同时也降低了劳动强度，省时省力(粘贴量减少)。而缺点也正是它不适合坡屋面、风力强劲的地区以及防水层铺设后要承受施工作业所产生的外力作用的情况。

As mentioned before, the advantages of the empty paving method and the strip point sticking method are that they overcome the stress failure caused by the structural deformation, and also reduce the labor intensity, save time and labor and reduce the amount of paste. And the disadvantage is that it is not suitable for the slope roof, the strong wind area and the waterproof layer after the laying of the construction work to bear the external force.

实际上，空铺法和条(点)粘法施工中也用到了满粘法——卷材周边800毫米范围内要满粘。在满粘法施工中，同样要用到空铺法。

In fact, the hollow method and the stick (point) method are also used in the construction of the full stick method - the 800 millimeters of the material around the rolling material should be full. In the full stick method construction, the same need to use the empty shop method.

卷材屋面防水层要求基层有较好的结构整体性和刚度，由于找平层收缩和温差影响，水泥砂浆找平层应该设置分隔缝，使找平层裂缝集中于分隔缝中，减少找平层大面积开裂的可能。为避免卷材在分隔缝处被撕裂，在采用满粘法铺设卷材时，在分隔缝处卷材要空铺，最好再增加一道干铺的卷材条，将分隔缝盖住，且与基层和上面卷材都不粘贴在一起，否则只是增加了局部卷材层的厚度而已。

The coil roofing waterproof layer requires better structural integrity and stiffness at the base. Due to the shrinkage and temperature difference of the leveling layer, the cement mortar leveling layer should be provided with separate seams, so that the cracks in the leveling layer should be concentrated in the separation joints, so as to reduce the possibility of large area cracking of the leveling layer. As the coil joints is torn in separate to avoid, in the laying of the full roll sticking method, in a separate empty shop to sew the best add a sheet, dry coil line, the dividing seam covered with grass and above and the coil are not stuck together, or just increase the local volume of material layer the thickness.

在实际施工中要充分考虑各种铺贴方法的利与弊，取长补短，综合运用，以达到最佳防水效果。

In the actual construction, we should take full consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of various paving methods, and make up for the advantages and disadvantages to achieve the best waterproof effect.

二、防水卷材铺设实例

Two. An example of waterproof roll material laying

2.1热熔法施工（APP/SBS）

2.1 hot-melt method (APP/SBS)

一、施工工具：汽油喷灯（3.5升）、滑轮、刷子、压子、剪子、卷尺、扫帚等。

First, construction tools: gas burner (3.5 liters), pulley, brushes, pressure, scissors, tape, broom etc..

二、基层处理：基层为水泥砂浆找平层，基层必须坚实平整，不能有松动、起鼓、面层凸起或粗糙不平等现象，否则必须进行处理。

Two, grass-roots treatment: the basic level is the cement mortar leveling layer, the base must be solid and smooth, and there should be no loosening, drum lifting, surface bump or rough inequality. Otherwise, it must be treated.

三、基层必须干燥，含水率要求在9%以内，测试时在基层表面放一块卷材，经3—5h后如其下表面基本无水珠时即可施工。

Three, the grass roots must be dried, and the moisture content should be less than 9%. When testing, a coil is placed on the base surface, and it will be constructed after 3 to 5h.

四、在施工前要认真清扫基层表面上残留的水泥砂浆残渣、灰尘及杂物，然后涂刷底油，要求涂刷均匀一致，一次涂好，干燥8h以上（以气温而定，不粘脚为宜）。

Four, before construction, we must thoroughly clean up the residual cement mortar residues, dust and debris on the surface of the base, then brush the bottom oil, and apply uniform and uniform paint. Once dry, dry 8h or more.

五、复杂部位处理：阴阳角部位均应做成八字形，对女儿墙、管根、烟筒、排气孔及落水口、伸缩缝等拐角部位均应做附加层，一般宽为30cm，搭接为6—8cm。

Five, the complex parts processing parts are: Yin and yang angle should be made on the parapet, eight, Guan Gen, chimney, vent and drain, expansion joint, corner should be additional layer, general lap width of 30cm, from 6 to 8cm.

六、卷材铺贴：铺贴卷材前，要量好要施工的防水面积，然后根据材料尺寸合理使用材料，从最低处开始铺贴，先将卷材按位置放正，长边留出8cm接茬、短边留出10cm接茬。然后点燃喷灯对准卷材底面及基层表面同时均匀加热（喷灯嘴距卷材表面约30cm为宜），待卷材表面熔化后，随即向前滚铺卷材，并把卷材压实压平，接茬部分以压出熔化沥青为宜，滚压时不要卷入空气和异物，并防止偏斜、起鼓和折皱。最后再用喷灯和压子均匀细致的把接缝封好，防止翘边。

Six, tiles: paving material, be a good amount to the construction of the waterproof area, then according to the material size of the rational use of materials, from the lowest to start paving, first according to the position of coil is placed, the long side and short side set aside 8cm Jiecha 10cm jiecha. Then at the bottom and lit torch coil surface and uniform heating (from the burner nozzle surface of membrane about 30cm is appropriate), the surface of membrane after melting, then rolling coil and coil paving, compaction pressure, some part to press the molten asphalt is appropriate, not involved in air and foreign matters when rolling, and to prevent the drum wrinkle and deflection. Then, blowtorches and pressure fine seam to seal, prevent alice.

七、劳动保护及安全防护：卷材在运输及施工过

Seven, labor protection and safety protection: coiled material in transportation and construction