| 最详细的地下防水工程施工做法 |
| 添加时间：2017/9/13 17:00:31 浏览次数： |
| 一、结构自防水混凝土的施工 I. construction of waterproof concrete 1 防水混凝土的材料及配比水泥品种应按设计要求选用，其强度等级不应低于32.5级。粗骨料的自然级配适宜，粒径宜为5~40mm，含泥量不得大于1％。防水混凝土的配合比要求：试配要求的抗渗强度比设计值提高0.2MPa；水泥用量不低于300kg/m3，掺有活性掺合料时不少于280kg/m3；砂率宜为35%～45%，水灰比不大于0.55；坍落度不宜大于50mm。 1 waterproof concrete material and proportion, cement varieties should be selected according to design requirements, and its strength level should not be lower than 32.5. The natural grading of coarse aggregate is suitable, the particle size should be 5~40mm, and the mud content shall not be greater than 1%. With the waterproof concrete ratio requirements: test with anti permeability strength higher than the design value 0.2MPa requirements; the amount of cement is not less than 300kg/m3, with active admixture is not less than 280kg/m3; the sand ratio should be 35% ~ 45%, the water cement ratio is less than 0.55; the slump is not greater than 50mm. 2 施工要点 2 construction points ⑴ 防水混凝土工程的模板应平整、拼缝严密不漏浆。一般不宜用螺栓或铁丝贯穿混凝土墙固定模板，当需用螺栓贯穿混凝土墙固定模板时，应采取止水措施。如采用工具式螺栓,螺栓中间加焊止水钢板,螺栓两端设垫木等。① 工具式螺栓做法：用工具式螺栓将防水螺栓固定并拉紧，拆模时，将工具式螺栓拆下，再以嵌缝材料及聚合物水泥砂浆将螺栓凹槽封堵严密。工具式螺栓做法： The waterproof concrete formwork should be smooth, patchwork tight without leakage. Generally, it is not appropriate to use bolts or wires to penetrate the concrete wall and fix the formwork. When the bolts are used to penetrate the concrete wall, the water stopping measures should be taken. Such as the use of tool bolts, bolts in the middle of welding water stop steel plate, bolts at both ends of the cushion wood. The tool type bolt approaches: tool type bolt bolt and tighten the waterproof, Chaimo, tool type bolts removed, then the mortar caulking material and polymer cement bolt tight sealing groove. Tool bolt practice: [图片33.jpg] ② 螺栓加堵头做法：在结构两边螺栓周围做凹槽，拆模后将螺栓平凹槽底割去，再用膨胀水泥砂浆将凹槽封堵。地下室墙体采用工具式螺栓： [图片34.jpg] ③ 预埋套管加焊止水环做法：对拉螺栓外加设套管，套管兼具撑头作用，套管两端设垫木。拆模后将螺栓抽出，套管内以膨胀水泥砂浆封堵密实，垫木留下的凹坑用同样方法封实。预埋套管支撑示意图： [图片35.jpg] ⑵ 为防止钢筋的引水作用，迎水面的钢筋保护层不得小于50mm，底板钢筋不得接触混凝土垫层，不能用铁钉或铅丝将钢筋固定在模板上，严禁用钢筋充当保护层垫块，以防止水沿钢筋渗入。 [picture 33.jpg] the plug bolt with practice: do grooves in the surrounding structures on both sides of the bolt, after stripping Luo Shuanping cut off the bottom of the groove, reoccupy expansion cement mortar sealing groove. The wall of the basement is made of tool bolts: [picture 34.jpg]] embedded sleeves and welded water stopping rings: the bolts are connected with the casing, and the sleeves are provided with the support head, and the ends of the bushings are provided with cushion wood. After stripping out the bolt, the casing with expansive cement mortar sealing pad dense wood left in the same way sealed pits. Support the pre buried sleeve sketch: [picture 35.jpg], in order to prevent the diversion of steel, reinforced protective layer of water face of not less than 50mm, should not be allowed to touch the floor steel reinforced concrete cushion, can not be fixed in the template with a nail or wire, it is strictly prohibited to use as reinforced protective cushion block, to prevent water infiltration along the bar. ⑶ 防水混凝土浇筑前无泌水、离析现象，自由倾落高度不大于1.5m。 The waterproof concrete before casting, no bleeding, segregation, free fall height of not more than 1.5m. ⑷ 防水混凝土应采用机械振捣，并保证振捣密实。 The waterproof concrete should be used in mechanical vibration, and ensure vibration compacting. ⑸ 连续浇筑混凝土每500m3应留置1组（6个）抗渗试件，且每项工程不少于2组。 The continuous concrete should be retained for 1 500m3 each group (6) impermeability specimen, and each project is not less than 2 group. ⑹ 防水混凝土应自然养护，养护时间不少于14天。 It should be waterproof concrete curing, the curing time is not less than 14 days. 3 防水构造处理 3 waterproof construction treatment ⑴ 施工缝 The construction joint 施工缝是防水薄弱部位，施工中应不留或少留。底板混凝土应连续浇筑，墙体不得留设垂直施工缝。墙体水平施工缝不应留在剪力与弯矩最大处或底板与墙体交接处，最低水平施工缝距底板面不少于200mm，距穿墙孔洞边缘不少于300mm。施工缝的接缝形式: Construction joints are waterproof weak parts and should not be left or left in construction. The floor concrete shall be continuously poured, and no vertical construction joints shall be left in the wall. The horizontal construction joint of the wall shall not remain at the maximum place where the shearing force and bending moment are located or the floor and the wall are joined. The lowest level of construction joint shall be no less than 200mm from the base plate and no less than 300mm from the edge of the hole through the wall. Joint form of construction joint: ⑵ 穿墙管处理 The wall pipe processing 给排水、供暖和电缆管道穿过地下室外墙，应做好防水处理，否则极易沿管根部发生渗水。为保证防水施工和管道的安装方便，管道位置应离开内墙角或凸出部位25cm，管与管之间间距应大于30cm。直埋式适于管径＜5cm的穿墙管: [图片37.jpg] 套管式适于管径＞5cm的穿墙: [图片38.jpg] 穿墙盒式适于多根穿墙管集中时: [图片39.jpg] 混凝土浇筑时不得撞击、振捣预埋穿墙管，墙外回填土时不得冲压、夯撞伸出墙外的穿墙管，以免防水措施受冲撞而漏水。 Water supply, drainage, heating and cable pipes through the basement wall, should be good waterproof treatment, otherwise it is easy to seep along the pipe root. In order to ensure the waterproof construction and the installation of the pipeline, the location of the pipe shall be away from the inside corner or protruding part 25cm. The distance between the pipe and the pipe shall be greater than 30cm. Buried for diameter < 5cm wall pipe: 37.jpg] pipe diameter for [picture > 5cm wall: [picture 38.jpg] wall box wall pipe suitable for a plurality of focus: [picture 39.jpg] concrete pouring and vibrating impact shall be embedded in the wall pipe, the wall backfill shall be punched, hit the wall out ram the wall pipe, so as to avoid the impact Water Leakage waterproof measures. ⑶ 预埋件 The embedded parts 地下室内壁或底板上预埋铁件用吊件或专用工具固定，防止水沿铁件渗入室内。预埋铁件受力较大，为防止扰动周围混凝土、破坏防水层，预埋件端至墙外表面厚度不得小于25cm，达不到25cm应局部加厚。 The iron embedded in the wall or bottom of the basement is fixed with hanging pieces or special tools to prevent water from seeping into the room along the iron piece. Buried iron piece of a larger force to prevent the disturbance of the surrounding concrete, destroy the waterproof layer, embedded end to the outer surface of a wall thickness not less than 25cm, up to 25cm local thickening. 后浇带1处防水层不断开，加设附加层并外贴止水带: [图片44.jpg] 后浇带2局部加厚垫层并附加钢筋，沉降差可使垫层产生斜坡，而不会撕裂防水层: [图片45.jpg] 后浇带3处可将底板局部加厚，并设止水带。由于底板加厚一般不超过25cm，不宜设置中埋止水带，宜用外贴式止水带: [图片46.jpg] 二、防水砂浆刚性防水层施工 After pouring 1 waterproof layer continuously, adding an additional layer and external water stop: [picture 44.jpg] after pouring 2 local thickening cushion and additional reinforcement, the differential settlement can make the cushion produce slope, without tearing the waterproof layer: [picture 45.jpg] after pouring 3 floor can be locally thickened, and waterstop. As the floor thickening is generally no more than 25cm, it is not appropriate to set up the buried water band. It is better to use external sticking type water stop belt: [picture 46.jpg] two, waterproof mortar, rigid waterproof layer construction 刚性防水层适用于地下砖石结构的防水层或防水混凝土结构的加强层。其抵抗变形的能力较差，当结构受较强烈振动荷载或受腐蚀、高温及反复冻融的部位不宜采用。 The rigid waterproof layer is suitable for the waterproof layer of the underground masonry structure or the strengthening layer of the waterproof concrete structure. Its resistance to deformation is poor, when the structure is subject to strong vibration load or corrosion, high temperature and repeated freezing and thawing parts should not be adopted. 1 基层处理 1 grassroots treatment 刚性防水层的基层处理十分重要，基层处理包括清理、浇水、刷洗、补平，使基层表面保持潮湿、清洁、平整、坚实、粗糙。超过1cm的棱角及凹凸不平处，应剔成慢坡形，并浇水清洗干净，用素灰和水泥砂浆分层找平。混凝土基层凹凸不平的处理： [图片47.jpg] 混凝土表面的蜂窝孔洞，应先将松散不牢的石子除掉，并浇水清洗干净，用素灰和水泥砂浆交替抹到与基层面相平。混凝土基层蜂窝孔洞的处理： [图片48.jpg] 对于石灰砂浆或水泥混合砂浆砌的砌体，应将缝剔深1cm，缝内呈直角。砖砌体的剔缝： [图片49.jpg] 混凝土施工缝要沿缝剔成八字形凹槽，用水冲洗后，素灰打底、水泥砂浆压实找平。混凝土结构施工缝的处理： [图片50.jpg] 2 水泥砂浆防水层施工 The base treatment of the rigid waterproof layer is very important. The base treatment includes cleaning, watering, scrubbing and leveling, so that the surface of the base layer is kept moist, clean, smooth, solid and rough. Over the edges and irregularities of 1cm, should tick into slow slope shape, and water clean, the use of plain ash and cement mortar leveling layer. Treatment of uneven concrete base: honeycomb hole on the surface of concrete pictures 47.jpg], should first remove loose loose stones, and water clean, the use of plain ash and cement mortar with alternating and base plane. Treatment of honeycomb holes in concrete base: [picture 48.jpg]: for lime, mortar or cement mortar masonry, the seam shall be deep 1cm and shall be at right angles to the seam. Brick masonry joints: [picture 49.jpg] concrete construction joints should be marked along the slot into eight shaped groove, water after washing, gray base, cement mortar compaction level. Concrete construction joint treatment: [picture 50.jpg] 2 cement mortar waterproof layer construction 水泥砂浆防水层是用纯水泥浆和水泥砂浆分层交叉涂抹而成，防水层涂抹的遍数由设计确定 The cement mortar waterproof layer is made of the pure water mud and the cement mortar. The number of the waterproof coating is determined by the design |
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